#063 - Orthogonal Design Principles in Engineering

A Philosophy for Organizing Calculations, Code, and Finite Element Models

Orthogonal design is the principle ensuring the independence of system components. The core idea is that two things are orthogonal if a change in one does not affect the other. This is about decoupling and independence.

You can change the volume without changing the channel, and vice-versa. They are independent functions.

This article covers the core concepts of orthogonal design, its diverse applications in engineering, and the implementation of such ideas.

The concept of orthogonal design is a principle with roots in statistical experimentation and manufacturing optimization. Its evolution has led to its current, widespread application in software engineering. Its core tenet, independence, is equally applicable to structural engineering. There’s a direct transfer of knowledge here. We can, and should, adapt software’s modularity and independence to build robust, maintainable projects. Effective design principles, like these, are not confined to single industries. They are universal tools for creating systems that endure.

Core Principles: Independence, Modularity, Simplicity

• Independence: This principle dictates that components within a system should operate without unintended interactions. Changes to one component should not necessitate modifications in others. This isolation prevents cascading failures and simplifies troubleshooting.

• Modularity: Systems should be structured as collections of distinct, interchangeable modules. Modularity facilitates easier maintenance, upgrades, and component replacement. It also promotes parallel development and testing, accelerating project timelines.

• Simplicity: Designs should prioritize clarity and ease of understanding. Complex interdependencies should be minimized to enhance system reliability and reduce the potential for errors. Simplicity fosters maintainability and enables engineers to quickly grasp the system's operation.

These principles are not abstractions; they are practical imperatives for creating systems that can withstand the inevitable complexities and challenges of engineering projects.

Has any project ever been as simple as you thought it would be?

Applications in Structural Engineering: Beyond the Obvious

In our field, orthogonal design extends beyond the commonly cited separation of structural elements from other disciplines.